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Studies in this specific class can range from simple analyses of the olfactory behaviour to sensory information and consequences due to drug consumption, for instance.
The Development class contains DGRP studies that study some phenotypes related to the Drosophilae growth from larval states to adult ones. This class covers a rather wide categories of phenotypes, as the study objects can vary from the development of organs or limbs to the differences we can find in certain traits between larvae and adults. For this reason, the Development study class is also often paired with other study class(es).
Genome architecture studies focus on the structure of the Drosophilae genome in the different experiments conducted in each of them. Whether it is on their organization/layout, their heritability or on their recombination, these studies aim is here to assess the effects of certain conditions or manipulations on the Drosophilae genes.
These studies are designed to detect how the genetics profile can modulate the physiological and pathological effects of a toxin, including lethality. Usually, these studies perform acute single-dose toxicity testing or dose range protocols, that include dose escalation and maximum tolerated dose studies.
In response to different stimuli and conditions, many different behavioural aspects of Drosophilae can vary. Behaviour studies thus contains papers focusing on some aspects of the behavioural response phenotypes in Drosophilia. These studies represent a rich source of information, as these responses range from passive changes of the circadian/olfactory behaviour to much more active states, through locomotor activity or social interactions.
Many different aspects and characteristics of species vary throughout generations. A certain focus point of this evolution is about the changes in their genome : in the way it is organized, transmissible etc. Drosophilae being a rather easy specie for which to study many generations, the Evolution studies tend to focus on the genome evolution of the drosophilae, sometimes subject to different external factors.
Life history traits refer to the numerous different aspects shaping the Drosophila existence. These traits include growth rate; age and size at sexual maturity; the temporal pattern or schedule of reproduction; the number, size, and sex ratio of offspring; the distribution of intrinsic or extrinsic mortality rates (e.g., patterns of senescence); and patterns of dormancy and dispersal.
The Appearance studies focus on visible phenotype changes regarding the shape, size or color of drosophilae due to different factors.
Bacteria, fungi, yeast or bacteria are all potential threats to the survivability of Drosophilae. Immunity studies thus tend to focus on many different aspects regarding the consequences of an infection by one or several of those pathogens.
Studies part of the Resistance class try to assess the survivability, robustness (i.e., the resistance) of certain strains of Drosophilae (mutants for a certain allele, etc.) when exposed to abnormal and usually violent conditions such as cold, insecticides or even radiation. This study class is often paired with others, as resistance will generally be transcribed in specific responses in some behaviors or in fecundity traits for instance.
Since sleep was recognized to be regulated genetically, intense research has launched on two fronts: the development of model organisms for deciphering the molecular mechanisms of sleep and attempts to identify genetic underpinnings of sleep disorders. Sleep phenotyping studies also allow an understanding of how pathways, such as the circadian clock network and specific neurotransmitter signals, have conserved effects on sleep from Drosophila to humans.
Ageing is defined by the decline of physiological functions in various organs and tissues leading to an increased probability of death. Some individuals delay, escape or survive much of this age-related decline. Most of the known genetic associations only account for small percentages of the variance in lifespan. Therefore, ageing is probably a highly polygenic trait. Longitudinal data of age-related traits can be used in association studies to test for polymorphisms that predict how an individual will change over time.
The Microbiota studies assess and analyze different properties of the microbiota present in drosophilae.
Metabolism studies assess the effects of numerous external conditions on different metabolic pathways in Drosophilae. Metabolism being a primordial and crucial aspect of every being, this class is also often paired with others as metabolic variations will transcribe in many different phenotypes changes in the drosophila